Ranks are an ordering, not a quantity. The #12 player is not twice as good as #24, so ranks cannot be added up to compare two sides — turning an ordering into a number takes a model, and the model is arguable. Here is exactly what this one does, so you can argue with it.
Value falls off as a power of overall rank, because that is the shape the problem has: the gap between #1 and #5 dwarfs the gap between #80 and #84. The slider above is the exponent.
A player is worth what they give you over the best player at their position you could have had anyway. That baseline comes from your own league settings: how many of each position everyone has to start. It is why kickers and defenses come out near zero, and why superflex moves quarterbacks so much — it pushes the quarterback baseline from around QB13 to around QB25, and the curve is steep there.